138 lines
4.6 KiB
HTML
138 lines
4.6 KiB
HTML
---
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layout: reference
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---
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<div class="box">
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<h2>Getting and Creating Projects</h2>
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<div class="block">
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<p>
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In order to do anything in Git, you have to have a Git repository. This
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is where Git stores the data for the snapshots you are saving.
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</p>
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<p>
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There are two main ways to get a Git repository. One way is to simply
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initialize a new one from an existing directory, such as a new project or
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a project new to source control. The second way is to clone one from a
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public Git repository, as you would do if you wanted a copy or wanted to
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work with someone on a project. We will cover both of these here.
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</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="box">
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<h2>
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<span class="docs">
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<a target="new" href="http://git-scm.com/docs/git-init">docs</a>
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<a target="new" href="http://progit.org/book/ch2-1.html#initializing_a_repository_in_an_existing_directory">book</a>
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</span>
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<a name="init">git init</a>
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<span class="desc">initializes a directory as a Git repository</span>
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</h2>
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<div class="block">
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To create a repository from an existing directory of files, you can
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simply run <code>git init</code> in that directory. For example,
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let's say we have a directory with a few files in it, like this:
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<pre>
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<b>$ cd konichiwa</b>
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<b>$ ls</b>
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README hello.rb
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</pre>
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This is a project where we are writing examples of the "Hello World"
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program in every language. So far, we just have Ruby, but hey, it's
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a start. To start version controlling this with Git, we can simply
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run <code>git init</code>.
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<pre>
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<b>$ git init</b>
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Initialized empty Git repository in /opt/konichiwa/.git/
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</pre>
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Now you can see that there is a <code>.git</code> subdirectory in your
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project. This is your Git repository where all the data of your
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project snapshots are stored.
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<pre>
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<b>$ ls -a</b>
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. .. .git README hello.rb
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</pre>
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Congratulations, you now have a skeleton Git repository and can start
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snapshotting your project.
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<p class="nutshell">
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<strong>In a nutshell</strong>, you use <code>git init</code> to make an
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existing directory of content into a new Git repository. You can do this
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in any directory at any time, completely locally.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<div class="box">
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<h2>
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<span class="docs">
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<a target="new" href="http://git-scm.com/docs/git-clone">docs</a>
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<a target="new" href="http://progit.org/book/ch2-1.html#cloning_an_existing_repository">book</a>
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</span>
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<a name="clone">git clone</a>
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<span class="desc">copy a git repository so you can add to it</span>
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</h2>
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<div class="block">
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<p>
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If you need to collaborate with someone on a project, or if you want to
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get a copy of a project so you can look at or use the code, you will
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clone it. You simply run the <code>git clone [url]</code> command with
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the URL of the project you want to copy.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<b>$ git clone git://github.com/schacon/simplegit.git</b>
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Initialized empty Git repository in /private/tmp/simplegit/.git/
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remote: Counting objects: 100, done.
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remote: Compressing objects: 100% (86/86), done.
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remote: Total 100 (delta 35), reused 0 (delta 0)
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Receiving objects: 100% (100/100), 9.51 KiB, done.
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Resolving deltas: 100% (35/35), done.
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<b>$ cd simplegit/</b>
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<b>$ ls</b>
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README Rakefile <span class="blue">lib</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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This will copy the entire history of that project so you have it locally
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and it will give you a working directory of the main branch of that project
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so you can look at the code or start editing it. If you change into the
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new directory, you can see the <code>.git</code> subdirectory - that is
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where all the project data is.
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</p>
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<pre>
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<b>$ ls -a</b>
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. .. <span class="blue">.git</span> README Rakefile <span class="blue">lib</span>
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<b>$ cd .git</b>
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<b>$ ls</b>
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HEAD description <span class="blue">info</span> packed-refs
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<span class="blue">branches hooks logs refs</span>
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config index <span class="blue">objects</span>
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</pre>
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<p>
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By default, Git will create a directory that is the same name as the
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project in the URL you give it - basically whatever is after the last slash
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of the URL. If you want something different, you can just put it at the
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end of the command, after the URL.
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</p>
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<p class="nutshell">
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<strong>In a nutshell</strong>, you use <code>git clone</code> to get a
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local copy of a Git repository so you can look at it or start modifying
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it.</p>
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</div>
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</div>
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<p><a class="page-button next-page" href="/basic">On to Basic Snapshotting »</a></p>
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