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@ -460,8 +460,140 @@ M README
<p>And now we've successfully resolved our merge conflict and committed
the result.</p>
</div>
<p class="nutshell">
<b>In a nutshell</b> you use <code>git merge</code> to combine another
branch context into your current branch. It automatically figures out
how to best combine the different snapshots into a new snapshot with the
unique work of both.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h2>
<span class="docs">
<a target="new" href="http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-log.html">docs</a> &nbsp;
<a target="new" href="http://progit.org/book/">book</a>
</span>
<a name="branch">git log</a>
<span class="desc">show commit history of a branch</span>
</h2>
<div class="block">
<p>So far we have been committing snapshots of your project and switching
between different isolated contexts, but what if we've forgotten how we've
got to where we are? Or what if we want to know how one branch differs
from another? Git provides a tool that shows you all the commit messages
that have lead up to the snapshot you are currently on, which is called
<code>git log</code>.</p>
<p>To understand the log command, you have to understand what information
is stored when you run the <code>git commit</code> command to store a
snapshot. In addition to the manifest of files and commit message and
information about the person who committed it, Git also stores the commit
that you based this snapshot on. That is, if you clone a project, what was
the snapshot that you modified to get to the snapshot that you saved? This
is helpful to give context to how the project got to where it is and allows
Git to figure out who changed what. If Git has the snapshot you save and
the one you based it on, then it can automatically figure out what you
changed. The commit that a new commit was based on is called the "parent".
</p>
<p>To see a chronological list of the parents of any branch, you can run
<code>git log</code> when you are in that branch. For example, if we run
<code>git log</code> in the Hello World project that we have been working
on in this section, we'll see all the commit messages that we've done.
<pre>
<b>$ git log</b>
<span class="yellow">commit 8d585ea6faf99facd39b55d6f6a3b3f481ad0d3d</span>
Merge: 3cbb6aa 3ac015d
Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com>
Date: Fri Jun 4 12:59:47 2010 +0200
Merge branch 'fix_readme'
Conflicts:
README
<span class="yellow">commit 3cbb6aae5c0cbd711c098e113ae436801371c95e</span>
Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com>
Date: Fri Jun 4 12:58:53 2010 +0200
fixed readme title differently
<span class="yellow">commit 3ac015da8ade34d4c7ebeffa2053fcac33fb495b</span>
Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com>
Date: Fri Jun 4 12:58:36 2010 +0200
fixed readme title
<span class="yellow">commit 558151a95567ba4181bab5746bc8f34bd87143d6</span>
Merge: b7ae93b 3467b0a
Author: Scott Chacon &lt;schacon@gmail.com>
Date: Fri Jun 4 12:37:05 2010 +0200
Merge branch 'change_class'
...
</pre>
<p>To see a more compact version of the same history, we can use the
<code>--oneline</code> option.</p>
<pre>
<b>$ git log --oneline</b>
8d585ea Merge branch 'fix_readme'
3cbb6aa fixed readme title differently
3ac015d fixed readme title
558151a Merge branch 'change_class'
b7ae93b added from ruby
3467b0a changed the class name
17f4acf first commit
</pre>
<p>What this is telling us is that this is the history of the development
of this project. If the commit messages are descriptive, this can inform
us as to what all changes have been applied or have influenced the current
state of the snapshot and thus what is in it.</p>
<p>We can also use it to see when the history was branched and merged with
the very helpful <code>--graph</code> option. Here is the same command
but with the topology graph turned on:</p>
<pre>
<b>$ git log --oneline --graph</b>
* 8d585ea Merge branch 'fix_readme'
|\
| * 3ac015d fixed readme title
* | 3cbb6aa fixed readme title differently
|/
* 558151a Merge branch 'change_class'
|\
| * 3467b0a changed the class name
* | b7ae93b added from ruby
|/
* 17f4acf first commit
</pre>
<p>Now we can more clearly see when effort diverged and then was merged
back together. This is very nice for seeing what has happened or what
changes are applied, but
it is also incredibly useful for managing your branches. Let's create a new
branch, do some work in it and then switch back and do some work in our
master branch, then see how the <code>log</code> command can help us figure
out what is happening on each.</p>
<p class="nutshell">
<b>In a nutshell</b> you use <code>git log</code> to list out the commit
history or list of changes people have made that have lead to the snapshot
at the tip of the branch. This allows you to see how the project in that
context got to the state that it is currently in.
</p>
</div>
</div>
<p><a href="/basic">On to Sharing and Updating Projects &#187;</a></p>

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