/* Define this to get vasprintf() */
#define _GNU_SOURCE

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdarg.h>

#include "config.h"
#include "server.h"

/* FILE handle for the log file */
FILE *log_fd;
/* This will point to the beginning of the client list */
client_t *client_list;
/* This will hold all the available file descriptors */
fd_set master;

/*
 * log_message(level, format, ...)
 *
 * Puts a message in the log file. If level is less than
 * CURRENT_LOG_LEVEL (less means more importance), the message gets
 * logged.
 *
 * The log message should not end with a newline character.
 */
static void
log_message(int level, const char *format, ...)
{
    if (CURRENT_LOG_LEVEL >= level) {
        va_list ap;
        char *message;
        char date[100];
        time_t t;
        struct tm *tmp;

        t = time(NULL);
        tmp = localtime(&t);

        /* This should never happen */
        if (tmp == NULL) {
            // Cannot log the error here, as we caught error in the
            // logger. Simply exit with an error status.
            exit(1);
        }

        // Start handling the variable-length parameters
        va_start(ap, format);
        /* TODO: This is a bit unportable, maybe it should be changed
         * to something else. */
        // Create the formatted message string
        vasprintf(&message, format, ap);
        // End handling the variable-length parameters
        va_end(ap);

        // Zero-fill date's placeholder
        memset(&date, 0, 100);
        // Put the current time stamp into date
        strftime((char *)&date, 100, "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", tmp);

        // Put the timestamp and the message into the logfile
        fprintf(log_fd, "[%s] %s\n", (char *)&date, message);
        fflush(log_fd);
    }
}

/*
 * sigchld_handler(signal)
 *
 * This is the signal handler for the SIGCHLD signal. It gets called
 * every time a child finishes its work (even with failure)
 */
void
sigchld_handler(int s)
{
    // Log a debug message about the finished child
    log_message(LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, "Found a hung child.");
    // Clean up all the dead children (otherwise they turn into zombie
    // processes)
    while (waitpid(-1, NULL, WNOHANG) > 0);
}

/*
 * sigterm_handler(signal)
 *
 * This is the signal handler for the SIGTERM signal. It gets called
 * if someone kills the process with SIGTERM.
 */
void
sigterm_handler(int s)
{
    // Log this event as an information (it's not a real error, and
    // shouldn't be a debug-only message)
    log_message(LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "Got SIGTERM, shutting down.");
    // TODO: clean shutdown! (Close client sockets, etc.)
    // Exit after the shutdown.
    exit(1);
}

/*
 * execute(command, parameter)
 *
 * Fork and execute the given program with exactly one parameter
 */
void
execute(char *command, char *parameter)
{
    pid_t pid;

    /* Do the fork() */
    pid = fork();

    if (pid == 0) {
        // If fork() returns zero, we are the child
        // Try to execute the script. This will give control to the
        // executed script. exec() returns only when an error occurs
        // (e.g the command cannot be found).
        log_message(LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                    "Executing '%s \"%s\"'...",
                    command, parameter);
        execl(command, command, parameter, (char *)NULL);
        // If we get here, we got an error, which should be logged
        log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "execl: %s", strerror(errno));
        // Close the log file
        fclose(log_fd);
        // TODO: Do a clean shutdown
        exit(1);
    }
}

/*
 * client_new(socket, remote_addr)
 *
 * Create a new client structure with the given data, and fully reset timer
 */
void
client_new(int socket, struct sockaddr_in *remote_addr)
{
    client_t *client_data;
    client_t *temp;
    char *tmp_addr;

    // Allocate memory for the new client's data
    client_data = malloc(sizeof(client_t));
    if (client_data == NULL) {
        // Log an error message if allocation fails and exit with failure code
        log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
        exit(1);
    }

    // Allocate memory for the new client's IP address
    tmp_addr = malloc(16);
    if (tmp_addr == NULL) {
        // Log an error message if allocation fails and exit with
        // failure code. Here we also free the previously allocated
        // client_data
        log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "malloc: %s", strerror(errno));
        free(client_data);
        exit(1);
    }

    // Zero-fill the address location, so the string will be surely
    // nul-terminated
    memset(tmp_addr, 0, 16);
    // Get the numeric hostname (IP address) of the remote side
    getnameinfo((const struct sockaddr *)remote_addr,
                sizeof(struct sockaddr_in),
                (char *)tmp_addr,
                15, NULL, 0, NI_NUMERICHOST);

    // Log the connection
    log_message(LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
                "New connection: %d (IP: %s)",
                socket, tmp_addr);

    // Fill the client_data struct
    client_data->socket = socket;
    client_data->ip = tmp_addr;
    client_data->last_reset = time(NULL);
    client_data->previous = NULL;
    client_data->next = NULL;

    // If the client list is empty (this is the first client)
    if (!client_list) {
        // The client_list should point to the newly allocated struct
        client_list = client_data;
    }
    // Otherwise (this is not the first client
    else {
        // Set temp to the last element of the client list
        for (temp = client_list; temp->next; temp = temp->next);
        // Set the last element's next pointer to point to the newly
        // allocated struct
        temp->next = client_data;
        // Set the newly allocated struct's previous pointer to the
        // (till here) last client's struct
        client_data->previous = temp;
    }

    // Execute the connect script
    execute(CLIENT_CONNECT_SCRIPT, client_data->ip);
}

/*
 * client_remove(socket)
 *
 * Remove a client identified by its local socket number
 */
void
client_remove(int socket)
{
    client_t *temp;

    // If we don't have an allocated client_list, we simply return, as
    // we won't find the named client. However, this should never
    // happen
    if (!client_list) {
        return;
    }

    // Walk through the client list
    for (temp = client_list; temp; temp = temp->next) {
        // If this element's socket number is the one we are looking for
        if (temp->socket == socket) {
            // Logging a message about the disconnection
            log_message(LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
                        "Connection lost: %d (IP: %s)",
                        temp->socket, temp->ip);
            // Remove this client from the linked list
            if (temp->previous) {
                temp->previous->next = temp->next;
            }

            if (temp->next) {
                temp->next->previous = temp->previous;
            }

            // If this is the first client, set the client_list to
            // point to the second item (or to NULL if this is also
            // the last client)
            if (temp == client_list) {
                client_list = temp->next;
            }

            // If we don't have a previous, nor a next client in the
            // list, then this was the last client, so client_list
            // should be NULL This is only a paranoia check, this
            // should already happen in the previous instruction
            if ((!temp->previous) && (!temp->next)) {
                client_list = NULL;
            }

            // Execute the disconnect script
            execute(CLIENT_DISCONNECT_SCRIPT, temp->ip);

            // Free the IP address' memory
            free(temp->ip);
            // Free the whols struct's memory
            free(temp);

            // Close the socket itself
            close(socket);
            // Remove this socket from the watched sockets' list
            FD_CLR(socket, &master);
        }
    }
}

/*
 * client_reset_timer(socket)
 *
 * Reset a client's timer, identified by the local socket number
 */
void
client_reset_timer(int socket)
{
    client_t *temp;

    // Walk through the client list
    for (temp = client_list; temp; temp = temp->next) {
        // If the current client is the one we are looking for
        if (temp->socket == socket) {
            // Set its last reset time to the current timestamp
            temp->last_reset = time(NULL);
        }
    }
}

/*
 * check_timers()
 *
 * Check all clients if they have sent data in the near past, and
 * disconnect (thus, deauthenticate) them if not
 */
void
check_timers(void)
{
    client_t *temp;

    // Walk through the client list
    for (temp = client_list; temp; temp = temp->next) {
        // If this client hasn't sent data in DROP_AFTER seconds
        if (time(NULL) - temp->last_reset > DROP_AFTER) {
            // Log the timeout event
            log_message(LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
                        "Client timeout, dropping connection %d (IP: %s).",
                        temp->socket, temp->ip);
            // And remove the client from the client list
            client_remove(temp->socket);
        }
    }
}

/*
 * main()
 *
 * The main function of the server program
 */
int
main(void)
{
    int sock_listen;
    struct addrinfo hints;
    struct addrinfo *servinfo;
    struct addrinfo *p;
    int yes = 1;
    int rv;
    fd_set read_fds;
    int fdmax;
    struct sigaction sa;

    // Initially set the client list to empty
    client_list = NULL;

    // Set the SIGCHLD handler (which will purge zombie children)
    sa.sa_handler = sigchld_handler;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
    if (sigaction(SIGCHLD, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
        perror("sigaction");

        return 1;
    }

    // Set the SIGTERM handler
    sa.sa_handler = sigterm_handler;
    sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
    sa.sa_flags = SA_RESTART;
    if (sigaction(SIGTERM, &sa, NULL) < 0) {
        perror("sigaction");

        return 1;
    }

    // Set the hints to "any"
    memset (&hints, 0, sizeof hints);
    hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;
    hints.ai_socktype = SOCK_STREAM;
    hints.ai_flags = AI_PASSIVE;	// use my IP

    // Check if our port number is already in use
    if ((rv = getaddrinfo (NULL, PORT, &hints, &servinfo)) != 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "getaddrinfo: %s", gai_strerror(rv));

        return 1;
    }

    for (p = servinfo; p != NULL; p = p->ai_next) {
        if ((sock_listen = socket (p->ai_family, p->ai_socktype,
                                   p->ai_protocol)) == -1) {
            perror("socket");

            continue;
        }

        if (setsockopt (sock_listen, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &yes,
                        sizeof (int)) == -1) {
            perror("setsockopt");

            exit (1);
        }

        if (bind (sock_listen, p->ai_addr, p->ai_addrlen) == -1) {
            close(sock_listen);
            perror("bind");

            continue;
        }

        break;
    }

    if (p == NULL) {
        perror("bind");

        return 2;
    }

    freeaddrinfo(servinfo);

    // Start listening on the listener socket
    if (listen(sock_listen, BACKLOG) == -1) {
        perror("listen");

        exit (1);
    }

    // Clear the list of the watched sockets
    FD_ZERO(&master);
    FD_ZERO(&read_fds);

    // Add the listener to the watched sockets
    FD_SET(sock_listen, &master);
    fdmax = sock_listen;

    // Try to open (or create) the log file
    if ((log_fd = fopen(LOGFILE, "a")) == NULL) {
        perror("fopen");

        exit(1);
    }

    // Try to go into the background
    if (daemon(0, 0) < 0) {
        perror("daemon");

        exit(1);
    }

    log_message(LOG_LEVEL_INFO, "Started.");

    while (1) {
        struct timeval tv;
        int t;

        // Reset the read_fds with the full list of watched sockets
        read_fds = master;

        // Set the timeout value
        tv.tv_sec = 1;
        tv.tv_usec = 0;

        // Wait for incoming connection or incoming data. "Modified"
        // sockets (ones with incoming connections or incoming data)
        // will be put in read_fds
        t = select(fdmax + 1, &read_fds, NULL, NULL, &tv);

        // If select() returns a negative, it means an error
        if (t < 0) {
            // However, if select() was only interrupted by a signal,
            // simply continue
            if (errno == EINTR) {
                continue;
            }

            // Otherwise log an error and exit
            log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, "select: %s", strerror(errno));

            return 1;
        }

        // If select() returns a positive, it means that there are
        // incoming connections or incoming data
        else if (t != 0) {
            int sock;

            // Walk through the watched sockets (the lazy way, later
            // this can cause some microseconds of hang up, as not all
            // sockets are really monitored in this set [0..fdmax])
            for (sock = 0; sock <= fdmax; sock++) {
                // If the current socket exists in read_fds (it has
                // data to read)
                if (FD_ISSET(sock, &read_fds)) {
                    // If the socket we found is the listener
                    if (sock == sock_listen) {
                        int new_socket;
                        struct sockaddr_in remote_addr;
                        socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);

                        // Accept the new connection
                        new_socket = accept(sock_listen,
                                            (struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr,
                                            &addrlen);

                        // Add the new connection to the watched sockets
                        FD_SET(new_socket, &master);
                        if (new_socket > fdmax) {
                            fdmax = new_socket;
                        }

                        // Create a new client entry for the new connection
                        client_new(new_socket, &remote_addr);
                    } else {
                        // Otherwise it's an already existing socket
                        // which has data to read
                        size_t read_len;
                        char buf[128];

                        // Read the data from the socket (in 128-bytes chunks)
                        read_len = recv(sock, (char *)&buf, 128, 0);

                        // If recv() returns a negative value, this
                        // means an error, so we should remove this
                        // client
                        if (read_len < 0) {
                            // In this case we also log an error
                            log_message(LOG_LEVEL_ERROR,
                                        "recv: %s",
                                        strerror(errno));
                            client_remove(sock);
                        }
                        // Otherwise if recv() returns 0, we just
                        // simply remove the client (0 means the
                        // client already closed the connection)
                        else if (read_len == 0) {
                            client_remove(sock);
                        }

                        // If recv() returns a positive, the client
                        // sent some data, which will be discarded,
                        // but the timer of the client is reset
                        else {
                            // Log a debugging message about the reset timer
                            log_message(LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG,
                                        "Connection timer reset: %d",
                                        sock);
                            client_reset_timer(sock);
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // After we checked all the sockets, or there was no sockets
        // to check (select() returned 0), we go and check if any
        // clients timed out
        check_timers();
    }

    fclose(log_fd);

    return 0;
}